Data Sources and Literature Review

Data Sources

1. Racial Covenants

• Source: “Mapping Prejudice,” University of Minnesota Libraries.
• Description: Historical dataset of racial covenants extracted from 1.4 million property warranty deeds in Minneapolis.
• Time Period: 1900–1960
• Link: Mapping Prejudice

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2. HOLC Grades

• Source: “Mapping Inequality,” Digital Scholarship Lab, University of Richmond.
• Description: Historical dataset on Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) neighborhood grades, classifying areas as A, B, C, or D based on desirability and racial composition.
• Link: Mapping Inequality

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3. Land Surface Temperature (LST)

• Source:
  1. Metropolitan Council
  2. Landsat 9 Satellite data
• Description: Satellite-derived data for Minneapolis land surface temperatures, captured at 11:59 AM CDT on September 1, 2022.
• Link: Landsat Program

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4. Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)

• Source: FEMA/CDC Social Vulnerability Index.
• Description: Measures factors like poverty, housing, and access to transportation to assess a community’s vulnerability.
• Time Period: 2022
• Link: CDC Social Vulnerability Index

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5. Air Pollution

• Source: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
• Description: Air emissions data by ZIP code, facility, and industry, focusing on pollutants such as PM2.5 from 2012–2022.
• Link: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

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6. Public Green Spaces

• Source:
  1. Open Data Minneapolis
  2. Metropolitan Council
• Description: Dataset on public green spaces, including park acreage and amenities in Minneapolis.
• Link: Open Data Minneapolis | Metropolitan Council )

Literature Review

Environmental Inequality and Urban Green Spaces

• Title: The impacts of racially discriminatory housing policies on the distribution of intra-urban heat and tree canopy: A comparison of racial covenants and redlining in Minneapolis, MN
  
• Authors: Walker, Rebecca H., Keeler, Bonnie L., and Derickson, Kate D.
  
• Summary: This article investigates the historical influence of racially discriminatory housing policies, such as racial covenants and redlining, on present-day environmental inequalities in Minneapolis. It highlights how these policies have shaped disparities in urban heat distribution and tree canopy coverage.